The word "honourable" is also translated as "moral worth" in footnote.

Seems to be saying a "virtuous man" is one that is has developed/cultivated their reason in accordance to nature's will. Don't think the stoics had a "free will" in the modern sense, so maybe "nature's will" is really capturing their deterministic world view?

Seems to be saying that a "good man" is definitionally one that has developed their reason to adapt to natures will (seems heavily Aristotelian).

Seems to be saying that any entity is judged based on whatever quality/attribute is unique to it. Earlier, used the example of a "good sword" as one that cuts well & pierces armor even if it's not adorned in gold. So "looking pretty" isn't a quality unique to a sword.

Something strikes me as way off about this. Not sure exactly what, but think it's related to the underlying premise that each entity has a quality unique to it.

• Like, sure, a "good sword" might be one that cuts well & pierces armor, but so does a "good spear" or a "good melee weapon".
• Also, there's the issue of repurposing things based on changing intentions. Like, I might judge a pen on it's quality to write smoothly (when I'm in a situation where writing is the intention), but say all of a sudden someone attacks me. Then I'd view the object in my hand not as "a pen", but as "a weapon/tool for defense" and it's standards I judge it on would change. iirc, this is "viewing the world instrumentally" is part of William Jamesian style of pragmatism

My prior impression was wrong. He's not looking for "Which quality ( q) is the greatest in humans?", he's looking for "Which quality ( q) is unique in humans?" which he seems to believe is reason.

I'm having a hard time understanding what Seneca's saying here. Some first passes:

• "In each thing ..."
  • Probably referring to examples like his vine, stag, & dog ones mentioned earlier.
• "... that quality ..."
  • Which quality? The qualities for judging the dog vary depending on the intended use/goal (tracking prey, catching prey, attacking/herding it). So maybe one could think of the idea of "setting standards" as a function (s: \text{Goal} \to \text{Qualities}).
    
    • The issue that comes up here is that the function (s) probably also needs a second input for the actual "thing" being judged (the vine, stag, dog). In other words, (s(g)=q) wouldn't make sense since it'd be saying something like, "the standard of goal ( g), is quality ( q)" like "the standard of goal 'find trail of wild beast' is quality 'keenness of scent'".
      
      • Instead, one might use ( s(x,g)=q) which would say something like, "the standard for entity ( x) with goal ( g) is quality ( q)."
      • A concrete example to illustrate why this is necessary is letting ( x = \text{"a human being"}) and ( g = \text{"tracking prey"}), then it's unlikely that the quality by which to judge a human being's ability to track prey would be ( q = \text{keenness of scent}). Instead, the quality by which to judge them might be visual prowess, ability to anticipate prey's migration patterns, keenness of hearing, etc.
        
        • This example is making me realize that there's likely a rank-ordering of importance in the qualities being used to for a standard of comparison. Like maybe, ( s(\text{human being}, \text{tracking prey})= (q1, q2, … , qn)) where ( q1) is the 1st most important quality (maybe "anticipate migration patterns")
          • In other words, maybe ( s) isn't actually a real-valued function (ie, takes you to just one output) but a vector-valued function
• "... should be best for which the thing is brought into being and by which it is judged."
  • "for which the thing is brought into being"
    • Telos? The end goal?
    • No, maybe he's saying "Look at the quality ( q) that is best in entity (x). That will tell you the reason ( x) was brought into existence which also tells you what standard to judge ( x) by."

Great tool mention in the video "NMC Learning at Home: Spectrograms & Your Voice". Found it while looking for objective measurements to distinguish falsetto and head voice.

If vaccines had some impact, then there should have been higher rates of vaccines among children with autism

In other words, there was a positive trend over time, but nothing happened to the rate of change (slope) of the trend after an introduction of MMR vaccines. If they had any effort, we would've expected the slope to increase

Helps with causal inference since there are some countries with before and after MMR vaccines

Controls for different countries and seasonal effects

High statistical power implies that they'd be able to detect even small changes. Need to see what the statistical power was

No specific peptides have been identified as traveling from gut to brain.

No evidence that certain viruses are more common in children with or without autism

It's at least possible that there are several etiologies for ASD, so maybe there are some predispositions that would be susceptible to this specific mech of action?

Confirmation bias and selection bias

Give the large volume of kids, there's bound to be some that had autism and the vaccine by pure chance

Lancet study lacked controls

Some handy tips someone has on how they increased their head voice range as a baritone.

An very brief article from [[ADDitude Magazine]] with some helpful bulleted lists of things covering the following

• Devise a Smart Bedtime Routine
• Morning Routine at Home
• Morning Routine at Work
• How to Build a Routine

Some of these tips deserve to be made into [[Anki]] cards later.

A very useful [[meditation]] by [[Lidia Zylowska]] that asks the listener to focus on their thoughts. Seems similar to [[Mahamudra chopping]] (a la [[Loch Kelly]]). Possibly needs to be adapted for those with [[aphantasia]] or [[people who don't have inner speech]].

A meditation course by [[Lidia Zylowska]] mentioned during the [[ADDA Mindfulness Meditation]] session [[2023-08-05 VPSG; Mindfulness Meditation for the ADHD Brain]]. Purported to be developed to specifically target [[ADHD]].

A brief article that gives some speculations on why there are some [[people who don't have inner speech]].

A good article distinguishing between an [accounting journal]] and an [[accounting ledger]] as it applies to the domain of [[finance]]. I learned about this while reading the [wiki article on [[distributed ledger technology]]. It was cited as a source for the passage

In some cases, where the distributed digital information functions as an accounting journal rather than an accounting ledger, another term is used: RJT for replicated journal technology.[5]

Some [[YouTube]] channel recommendations for [[cybersecurity]], both for professionals and regular users.

A good article on how [[Coursera]] moved from [[REST]] [[API]]s to a [[GraphQL]] API an the troubles they encountered along the way.

Explains how the [[GraphQL]] [[API]] is being used in [[Microsoft Teams]].

An interesting website that offers a VVIQ test for people's capacity to visualize things in "the mind's eye". May be helpful for people who have [[aphantasia]].

After learning about [[aphantasia]] (people who can't visualize things in their mind's eye), I wanted to know more about people without an inner monologue.

[Commons Engine]] was mentioned by [[Mary Camacho]] as an org that [[Arthur Brock]] works with. She brought it up during [[Holo AMA No. 39 - HoloFuel Special Pt 1 with Mary Camacho & David Atkinson]] [here.

Camacho said that Commons Engine put together (along with [[MetaCurrency]]) workshops on how to design currencies & focus on how to design [[mutual credit currencies]].

Camacho spoke highly of them.

Seems similar to a notion in [[neoplatonism]] that the "forms" (eidos) emanate down.

Also seems related to [[John Vervaeke]]'s notion of there being a multi-level ontology (which he claims is in neoplatonism).

In other word, "reification" or treating abstractions as if they were concrete real events or physical entities.

A theoretical construct in neuroscience/neuropsychology that is

a unit of cognitive information imprinted in a physical substance, theorized to be the means by which memories are stored1] as biophysical or biochemical[2] changes in the brain or other biological tissue, in response to external stimuli. ([wiki)

Cf. this note to a 2015 neuroscience paper that purports that it's been "found/discovered".

[[Octopus.ac]] is a potential alternative to [[ResearchEquals]] for open publishing founded by [[Alexandra Freeman]]. Appears to be attempting to avoid the tension for academic journals to be both "informative" and "persuasive". Seems to fall within the general [[open science]] movement.

Compares the difference between [[Octopus.ac]] and [[ResearchEquals]] platforms in the [[open science]] movement. Looks like Octopus is more strictly matching the [[eight stages of scientific research]], whereas RE allows for more options (including "publication of text, data, code and media.") Notably, each platform gives a [[DOI]] to each publication.

Questions:

Does each module in RE get it's own DOI?

Likewise, does each publication type in Octopus get it's own DOI?

Do either of these address the concern of other academics "scooping" each other's work?

[Octopus.ac]] is a potential alternative to [[ResearchEquals]], but notably doesn't mention RE anywhere on it's site (whereas RE does mention Octopus.ac in it's [FAQs). Specifically, it's comparison is here.

Each of their platforms seem to be related to the [[open science]] movement.

A helpful tip on how to use [[branches]] via [[Git]] or another [[version control system]] when writing academic papers.

It was made by [[D.W.]] on the [[Academia]] [[StackExchange]] site. It's in regards to working with authors who don't use Git, etc.

The idea is to make a separate branch for the version you send a specific co-author which seems like a good idea.

Some links to resources on using [[LaTeX]] and [[Git]] suggested by [[Piotr Migdal]].

This was part of his top-voted answer to "Why use [[version control system]]s for writing a paper?" on the [[Academia]] [[StackExchange]] site.

Was looking into the tools available for [[open science]] collaborations.

A response by [[Allure]] to an [[Academia]] [[StackExchange]] question about alternative publishing models for scientific experiments that help deal with the [[replication crisis]].

In the comments, Allure suggests that journals that "Do results-blind peer review (reviewers receive a manuscript where the results & conclusions are omitted)" encourage publishing "non-significant results".

A helpful question on [[Academia]] [[StackExchange]] about preventing [[open science]] research from being patented.

The top answer from [Gilles 'SO- stop being evil']] suggests simply publishing one's research protects it (since the disclosure counts as [prior art.

So even if an someone invents something, you publishing it stops someone from being able to file a patent on it (except in countries that have a grace period for inventors, like the US).

The only risk remaining is that you (or fellow inventor you worked with) take advantage of the grace period in countries that have this.

Some research institutions (public or private) have a formal practice of defensive publications: publish potential inventions that they don't intent to patent as soon as possible, in order to block anyone else from patenting them. Technically, any publication is a public disclosure, including an arXiv preprint, a blog post, or even a research seminar if it's legally open to external visitors. However, since it's easier to fight a patent before it's granted, it is advantageous to make it easy for patent examiners to find the defensive publication.

If you're concerned about someone filing a patent on something you discovered, or for that matter anything that you know about, you can watch patent applications. Patent applications are published for a period of at least a few months, during which time anyone can point the patent examiner to something that they consider to be prior art. Stack Exchange participates in this process through their Patents site where people can coordinate prior art searches.

What [[ResearchEquals]] claims is different between it's platform and that of [[Octopus.ac]].

Learned about this because

[[ResearchEquals]] is a Liberate Science GmbH project, which is funded by the [[Shuttleworth Foundation]] until the end of 2022.

In [[Richard McElreath]]'s [[Statistical Rethinking]], he defines [[weakly informative priors]] (aka [[regularizing priors]]) as

priors that gently nudge the machine [which] usually improve inference. Such priors are sometimes called regularizing or weakly informative priors. They are so useful that non-Bayesian statistical procedures have adopted a mathematically equivalent approach, [[penalized likelihood]]. (p. 35, 1st ed.)

A 2015 neuroscience paper that gives 4 criteria for what an [[engram]] is, and argues that recent (at the time) developments in certain laboratory mice experiments suggested that engrams do exist.

Seems consistent with how Popper used the terms [falsification]] and [[falsifiability]] noted [here

A companion book to [Richard McElreath]]'s phenomenal lecture course [[Statistical Rethinking]] which he made freely available [here.

Note that this is the 1st ed. of the book (2015).

source

Note to self: don't do this.

p. 35 where [[Richard McElreath]] defines [[weakly informative priors]] aka [[regularizing priors]] in [[Bayesian statistics]]. Notes that non-Bayesian methods have a mathematically equivalent approach called [[penalized likelihood]].

McElreath is referring to (\text{P}_{0\text{B}}) (process model zero-B).

The population size & structure being "constant" is what [[Richard McElreath]] means by "equilibrium" in (\text{P}_{0\text{A}}) (process model zero-A), which corresponds to the null hypothesis

(\text{H}_0: \text{``Evolution is neutral"})

Per Andrew Gelman's wiki:

Andrew Eric Gelman (born February 11, 1965) is an American statistician and professor of statistics and political science at Columbia University.

Gelman received bachelor of science degrees in mathematics and in physics from MIT, where he was a National Merit Scholar, in 1986. He then received a master of science in 1987 and a doctor of philosophy in 1990, both in statistics from Harvard University, under the supervision of Donald Rubin.[1][2][3]

A passage from [[Karl Popper]] about how he distinguishes between [[falsifiability]] and [[falsification]].

Popper's "falsification" seems related to [[Imre Lakatos]]'s notion that a [[research programme]] has a [[hard core]]

of central theses that are deemed irrefutable—or, at least, refutation-resistant—by methodological fiat. (Musgrave & Pigden 2021, SEP article linked below)

Also, what Popper calls "falsifiable"/"falsifiability" is similar to Lakatos's

[[protective belt]] of [[auxiliary hypotheses]] which has to bear the brunt of tests and gets adjusted and re-adjusted, or even completely replaced, to defend the thus-hardened core. (FMSRP: 48)

[[Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes]]

There's seems to be a curious reversal between Popper & Lakatos. The theoretical component for Lakatos (ie, the "hard core") can't be falsified, whereas the theoretical component for Popper (ie, something being "falsifiable in principle") is a

purely logical concept … [that] rests on a logical relation between the theory in question and the class of basic statements (or the potential falsifiers described by them). (Popper 1982, from passage above)

A crucial difference between Lakatos & Popper is that for Lakatos

A research programme can be falsifiable (in some senses) but unscientific and scientific but unfalsifiable. (Musgrave & Pigden 2021, SEP article linked below)

This seems in direct conflict with one of Popper's views that falsifiability can serve as a [[demarcation criterion]] for what is scientific and non-scientific.

Cf. 2.2 of "Imre Lakatos" on SEP

Same person who made a helpful tutorial on bridging to [[Arbitrum One]].

Good interview with [[Mike Elias]] about [[IdeaMarket]]. Speaks highly of CTO [[Alexander Schlindwein (bobface)]] who purportedly made more money than anyone finding bugs in [[cryptocurrency]].

A useful website to provide some high-level metrics to try to determine if a particular [[cryptocurrency]] is a scam. Of particular note is that it gives a "commit count", number of news results, and sentiment.

The 3 core content policies of [[Wikipedia]] articles:

• no original research
• neutral point of view
• verifiability

The comment about how the policies work in harmony & shouldn't be interpreted in isolation gave me an idea. Maybe various virtues function similarly. Also, it seems like [[Forrest Landry]]'s 3 [[modalities]] have this quality.

Claims retina has boundary but the image doesn't.

• eye samples available ambient optic array
• retina samples a corresponding potential image

Information is used by animals (with organs or perceptual systems). The info is in the structure of ambient light (which is the same as saying that is info is from the ambient light having an arrangement or being an array).

Convergence to different station-points implies different arrays (but not sure if either effective or ambient?)

Visual of the flow velocities in the optic array.

The "optic array" can be transformed? Later Gibson states that "transformation" is just one of the

vast variety of optical "motions"

Visual example of an "effective array" along with the broader "optic array".

Example of a different optic arrays admitted to different eyes.

Picture to visualize eyes of fish embracing "more than a hemisphere of the ambient array"

indirectly. The structure of stimulation from socially coded or conventional signals conveys information still more indirectly. All these are information about the environment, although an increasingly remote environment. Finally the structure of stimulation from the displays of artists and experimenters on perception, from "abstract" art and the various devices for stimulating human eyes by artifice, conveys information in a pure mathematical sense. I have called it information as such.

More clear picture of what Gibson mean's by "information"

Argues that distinguishing between

• "radiant light" (light emitted from an energy source)

• "ambient light" (light reflected by the environment as a source)

resolves issue of

• wanting a physical theory of light
• wanting info about objects to be conveyed by light

But needs ecological optics to be combined with physical optics to justify this theory.

Notes difference of "information about"/"specification of" something vs. "information as structure".

Defines

• stimulus energy as relevant to [[receptor-cell]]s
• stimulus information as relevant to [[organ]] or [[perceptual system]]

Defines "stimulus".

on ways of getting stimuli to the sense organs of individuals.

Defines "knowledge" as "perception at second hand".

"information" can be given by a variety of stimuli.

"information" seems to pertain to things in the environment

Gives definition of "medium":

• allows animals move
• allows objects get displaced
• allows the "flow of information"

If the 5 perceptual systems are "looking, listening, sniffing, tasting, and touching", then I'm not sure what "information" would be the same. What does Gibson mean by "information"?

Argues higer-order variables of stimulus energy don't change. Seems like he'll be trying to provide a [[taxonomy]] (ie, classification and description) of these invariants.

For Gibson, can't have perception without some sensory input (but it can happen without awareness of the quality of the input).

The core topic of [[James Gibson]]'s book [[The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems]].

[[perceptual systems]] are when the senses "detect" something (as opposed to give a feeling).

Argues that humans (and other animals) can get info about objects in the world using only [[perceptual systems]].

Specifies 2 different types of sense organs:

• passive receptors
• active perceptual organs (ie, perceptual systems)

The only time in this book that [[James Gibson]] uses the term [[organ of perception]]

[[James Gibson]]'s notion of [[organs of sensitivity]] continued.

[[James Gibson]]'s definition of [[organ of sensitivity]]

A definition of what Penrose is.

A paper recommended by Pablo B. which is about the implementation of a software for iterative visualizations. Looks very promising

A wonderful use case for Penrose which reminds me of how many of my proofs in general/point-set topology would go.

A neat idea of using compilation to target [[constrained optimization problem]] instead of a binary executable or static image.

Suggests the [[left hemisphere of the brain]] is the primary part when using language.

The [[superior parietal lobule]] is thought to be involved in:

• action processes
• visually guided visuomotor functions
• visual perception
• spatial cognition
• reasoning
• working memory
• attention

The three types of connectivity-based parcellations consistently identified five subregions in the SPL of each hemisphere. The two anterior subregions were found to be primarily involved in action processes and in visually guided visuomotor functions, whereas the three posterior subregions were primarily associated with visual perception, spatial cognition, reasoning, working memory, and attention. (Jiaojian Wang et al., 2014) source

It's also been grouped within the [dorsal attention network]] per [source1 and source2

Three main measures used:

• [[network activation]]
• [[network intra-connectivity]]
• [[network interconnectivity]]

PCu is involved in the [[default mode network]].

[[posterior cingulate cortex]] which is part of the [[default mode network]]

• [[default mode network]]
  • [[posterior cingulate cortex]]
  • [[precuneus]]
  • [[medial prefrontal cortex]]
• [[frontoparietal network]]/[[central executive network]]
  • [[dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex]]
• [[salience network]]
  • [[anterior cingulate cortex]]
  • [[insula]]

resting state

[[posterior cingulate cortex]]

A high level view of 5 kinds of meditation:

• [[focused attention meditation]]
• [[mantra recitation meditation]]
• [[open monitoring meditation]]
• [[loving-kindness and compassion meditation]]
• [[nondual awareness meditation]]

The first 4 come from a [[meta-analysis]] in 2016, while the 5th is added since [[Josipovic]] and colleagues have purportedly shown that [[nondual awareness meditation]] has different neurological patterns than [[focused attention meditation]] and [[open monitoring meditation]].

Suggests that [[nonduality]] corresponds to coactivation of [[frontoparietal network]] and [[default mode network]].

Interesting that the [[default mode network]] and [[frontoparietal network]] connectivity goes down (from naïve to developing meditator) and then goes up much higher (from developing meditator to proficient meditator). Seems like the DMN is suppressed to allow for more CEN/FN activation during a developing meditator's practice. Seems like the eventual transition of allowing co-activation of the DMN and the CEN/FN is associated with the "effortless" described in [[nondual awareness]] [[meditation]] like what [[Diana Winston]] calls [[natural awareness]] in the series [[The Spectrum of Awareness]] or what [[Loch Kelly]] teaches in his series [[Effortless Mindfulness]] (both of which are on the [[Waking Up app]]).

Argues that getting good at [[meditation]] gets at a more fundamental kind of a sense of self that's connected to the other/environment.

[[nonduality]] may be more likely from attention not being narrowed, such as [[open monitoring meditation]], [[Metta]] or [[loving-kindness and compassion meditation]], and [[nondual awareness meditation]] such as [[Effortless Mindfulness]].

[[focused attention meditation]]

[[salience network]]

mean hours of meditation

mean hours of meditation

The [[frontoparietal network]] is

involved in sustained attention, complex problem-solving and working memory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontoparietal_network

The [[central executive network]] is often a synonym for [[frontoparietal network]].

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontoparietal_network#Nomenclature

[[precuneus]] which is involved in imagination, [[self-consciousness]], and reflecting on memories.

https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=false&focus=Brain-cerebralhemisphere-pareitallobe-precuneus

[[anterior cingulate cortex]] which is involved in processing emotional distress of pain. It's part of the [[cingulate cortex]] which is a part of the [[limbic system]].

https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=false&focus=Brain-cerebralhemisphere-temporallobe-cingulate_cortex

[[central executive network]]

[[loving-kindness and compassion meditation]]

[[nondual awareness meditation]]

[[open monitoring meditation]]

[[focused attention meditation]]

[[ventromedial prefrontal cortex]]

resting state

They define the [[dorsal attention network]] as consisting of:

• [[intraparietal sulcus]]/[[superior parietal lobule]]
• [[frontal eye fields]]
• [[extrastriate visual areas]]

Suggests that

• [[central executive network]]
• [[executive-control network]]
• [[frontoparietal network]] are synonymous.

Suggests that [[top-down tasks]] that involve spatial & non-spatial shifts of attention activate:

• [[inferior parietal lobule]]
• [[superior parietal lobule]]
• medial regions along the [[precuneus gyrus]]

Suggests that the [[inferior parietal lobule]] is important to changing behavior between 2 states:

• maintaining attention on current task goals
• responding to salient info & new events in our environment

Suggests the [[superior parietal lobule]] is involved with using vision to help do some action.

A paper that gives an overview of the different roles that have been proposed for the [[inferior parietal lobule]], and proposes an alternative account.

From wiki

Cytoarchitecture (Greek κύτος= "cell" + ἀρχιτεκτονική= "architecture"), also known as cytoarchitectonics, is the study of the cellular composition of the central nervous system's tissues under the microscope.

• [ ] look into [[structural equation modeling]] and [[Granger causality]]

• [ ] check what "MT+" stands for

Suggests the [[frontoparietal control network]] includes:

• [[lateral prefrontal cortex]]
• [[anterior cingulate cortex]]
• [[inferior parietal lobule]]

Seems to suggest that the [[superior parietal lobule]] and the [[inferior parietal lobule]] both become more active when one is trying to determine which rule (and consequent response) is needed (ie, the "bivalent rules").

motion-sensitive middle temporal area

One way that a [[system]] or [[network]] is defined within [[neuroscience]].

In this paper, appears that the [[superior parietal lobule]] has the same network affiliation with the [[dorsal attention network]] regardless if it's in the task or rest state.

The 3 kinds of tasks used:

• [[autobiographical planning task]]
• [[visuospatial planning task]]
• [[counting task]]

The [[precuneus]] might be involved in connecting the [[default mode network]] and the [[frontoparietal control network]]. Notably, in Table 1, the PCu has different network affliliations: C (frontoparietal control) during task and D (default) during rest.

Suggests the [[superior parietal lobule]] helps maintain an internal model of the body's state.

Does this imply that it's a part of the [[default mode network]] when doing this modeling?

Suggests the [[superior parietal lobule]] is important for manipulating info in [[working memory]].

Some limitations worth noting:

• the [[frontoparietal control network]] A & B doesn't give exact boundaries on what anatomical components are used by them
• it's possible that there are some tasks weren't considered which switch the correlations (such as A being positively associated with the [[dorsal attention network]]). One possible example might be [[perceptual metacognition]].

Suggests the [[frontoparietal control network]] can be subdivided into 2 separate subsystems:

• A: which is connected to the [[default mode network]] and involved in regulating introspective processes

• B: which is connected to the [[dorsal attention network]] and involved in regulating perceptual attention

The instructions on how to use the [[OCR]] tool [[Capture2Text]]. Windows Key + Q

[[Capture2Text]] is a [[OCR]] tool I found when looking for a way to copy text from a screen even though the text isn't selectable (like for screenshots and certain info on Windows). It's also open-source.

[[parietal lobule]]

• [ ] Check if formal term
• [ ] if so, check if Roy is using it differently

Does Roy mean [[ChatGPT]]?

• [ ] Check if formal term
• [ ] If so, check if Roy is using it differently

What is the "dam"?

There's a deep irony here.

• [ ] Check if formal term
• [ ] If so, check if Roy is using it differently

Since [[predictive processing]] can be considered a specific application of the [[Active Inference]] research program, it's not clear that Roy's framework of [[action protocols]] is a viable replacement for it. The upshot of [[Active Inference]] is that its formalisms can actually be used to model things and run experiments (with a downside that [[Bayesian networks]] can be computationally demanding). It's currently unclear what the upshot of this [[action protocols]] framework is.

No search results match [[Gibson's perceptual array]], but it may be related to [[The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems]] by [James Gibson]]. Also, the term "perceptual array" doesn't appear anywhere in that book or on Gibson's [wiki. He seems to have done research on [[optic arrays]].

Appears inconsistent with [[James Gibson]]'s use of [[organ of sensitivity]] and [[organ of perception]] in [[The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems]]:

Here and throughout this book, "receptor" will be used only for the immobile parts of the input system and the word "organ" will be used for the mobile parts. (p. 40)

--

• ORGANS. An organ of sensitivity is a structure containing many energy receptors and many receptive units that can adjust so as to modify the input from cells and units. An organ must therefore have muscles, and they must be supplied with efferent fibers from the central nervous system. The afferent and efferent fibers, incoming and outgoing, may be gathered in a single bundle, a nerve, like the nerve from each eye, or they may be distributed in many bundles, like the fibers from the skin. The so-called sensory nerves are anatomical expedients; there is not a specific nerve for each sense despite a popular idea to the contrary. (p. 41)

--

The organs of sensitivity, like other organs of the body, exist in a hierarchy of organization. Lower organs are subordinated to higher. Smaller structures serve larger structures, and they overlap. The eyeball is "all of a piece," but it is an unusual sense organ. The ear, the functional auditory organ, is not a single piece of tissue, and the organ of touch is dispersed over the whole body. The receptive and the adjustive parts of an organ need not be in the same place. The olfactory organ that we call the nose, that is, the functional nose, has its receptive part deep in the facial bones but its motor part in the chest muscles for breathing and sniffing. The receptive and the adjustive part can only be understood in relation to one another. (p. 42)

--

When we stubbornly continue to mean by taste a mode of attention that cuts across the classification of receptors we are only recognizing the fact that receptors may be functionally united when anatomically separated. In fact, the word palate, although used in anatomy to mean the back of the mouth, is used in gastronomy to mean the whole complex of receptors contributing to palatability, that is, an organ of perception. (p. 137)

Prima facie, seems dubious "that language is the primary environment", but it's not clear what Roy means by "primary".

If there's a "[[potential state]]", then what's its opposite? The "actual state" or "kinetic state"?

Important to note that Roy seems to be using [[internal relations]] and [[external relations]] to both refer to the agent relationship to it's environment. With this example, the subjectivity of the individual (which came from society as a whole) seems to be their "internal relations", and the individual's actions taken seems to be there "external relations".

Perhaps there's something important about the [[potential state]] and how it relates the agent & environment?

From Merriam-Webster's dictionary

1: the act of entering : ENTRANCE

the seal prevents ingress of moisture

2: the power or liberty of entrance or access

an area with restricted ingress

Reminds me of [Active Inference]] using the notion of a [[Markov blanket]] which has [[internal states]] (agent of interest) and [[external states]] (environment of agent) which are mediated by [[sensory states] and [active states]. The research program of [[Active Inference]] also claims the same kind of [[scale invariance]] and cross category applications that Roy seems to be doing with her notion [[action protocol]].

Currently, Roy's approach seems more ambiguous and less usable in scientific research than the approach of [[Active Inference]].

What are the actions/procedures?

What is the protocol/code?

What are the actions/procedures?

What is the protocol/code?

• [ ] Check if [[finance capitalism]] is a formal term
• [ ] If so, check if [[Bonnitta Roy]] is using it differently

Roy seems to be making a distinction here between [[individual agents]] and [[compound agents]], but this isn't clearly addressed in the footnote.

Roy's notion of [[compound agent]] might be what Vervaeke's notion of [[agent]] is. If so, this may lead to some confusion due to a [[mapping error]].

This is an interesting comparison to [[hypersubject]] within the frame of [[hyperobjects]].

Seems like [[collective agency]] (for Roy) is a kind of [[agency]] as an [[epiphenomena]]. This seems inconsistent with the notion that [[agency]] is the capacity for the agent (at whatever scale) is the most causally relevant factor in determining it's behavior (think this is Vervaeke's view).

• [ ] Need to look up how [[Michael Levin]] and [[John Vervaeke]] use it

The later passages make me think she's using "individual agency" as synonymous with "compound agency".

I'm confused by this reticence which makes me think she's using "agency" to mean something related to consciousness/subjective experiences. This kind of agency seems inconsistent with the way it's used by [[John Vervaeke]] and [[Michael Levin]].

What does "integrate across different epistemological domains" mean?

Does this integration provide any insight? If so, what is it?

What are the different epistemological domains? Guess 1: empirical science vs. maths & logics

This seems false; the example Roy gave only suggests the term [[action protocol]] might be a helpful framing at different scales and across categories.

Also, something is only "useful" in a particular context (which may change the goals & values at play in determining something's usefulness).

I'm confused by the use of "protocol". Roy may be equivocating here.

• Code part is "protocol"

• Procedure part is "action"

A resource on the different [[mantras]] used in [[transcendental meditation]].

Seems like the mantras in this [[meditation]] are internally repeated in one's mind, but this may not work for people who only think in images. Maybe something like [[Om/Aum chanting]] would be a more accessible [[mantra recitation meditation]]?

A helpful website that has the feature of seeing 4 side by side translations of the [[Tao Te Ching]].

fMRI [[functional connectivity]] isn't appropriate for fast time-scales

A good paper that helps explain the confusion behind overlapping terminology for different networks in the brain and whether or not there's evidence to support making distinctions.

The [[cinguloopercular network]] and [[salience network]] might be the same thing in the neuroscience research literature (unless the given authors suggest otherwise).

Suggests at least 2 (relatively) separate control networks: the [[cinguloopercular network]] and the [[frontoparietal network]].

Some evidence that supports drawing a distinction between the [[salience network]] and the [[cinguloopercular network]].

The term [[histology]] just refers to microscopic anatomy.

The [[cinguloopercular network]] is also called the [[cingulo-insular network]].

[[cinguloopercular network]]

A fascinating paper on how students can solve conditional probabilistic problems much easier when given a deck of cards that they can physically manipulate. A good example of the [[distributed cognition]] framework being applied and yielding positive results.

Suggests that [[ADHD]] may benefit from [[meditation]], which was focusing on single object (including breath) while monitoring mental state for sleepiness and mental chatter.

Outlines the main parts of the [[default mode network]] as:

• [[posterior cingulate cortex]]/[[precuneus]]
• [[medial prefrontal cortex]]
• [[bilateral inferior parietal lobule]]
• and other regions including [[inferior temporal gyrus]]

The [[default mode network]] might be mostly fine in [[autism]] but under used.

Wonder if the "lack of self-referential processing" would imply a weaker sense of self/ego? Or maybe it's more related to the lack of internal (particularly bodily and emotional) awareness?

Increased volume of the [[amygdala]] in children with [[autism]]. Also, the amygdala is involved in [[social cognition]].

In other words, it could be the case that either:

(\text{disrupting MPFC (within the DMN)} \implies \text{ASD} )

or

( \text{mystery events } E \text{ outside the DMN happen} \implies \text{messed up DMN (and ASD)})

A paper I found helpful in trying to figure out if there is a distinction between a [[pure consciousness event]] and [[nonduality]]. Has some helpful case studies of people giving verbal descriptions of what their meditative state feels like.

A researcher that was mentioned during a conversation between [[Sam Harris]] and [[Loch Kelly]] in the [[Waking Up app]]. Britton was mentioned in a section titled "Destabilizing Experiences". Kelly said that [[WIlloughby Britton]] has done research on the [[dark night of the soul]] that can occur in the [[vipassana tradition]]. In this context, this is a period where (according to Kelly)

about 30-50% of people who go on a 5 day retreat will experience some level of panic or flooding of the unconscious when they experience their first no-self experience.

A notion mentioned by [Daniel Schmachtenberger]] during his [interview with [[Curt Jaimungal]].

A paper linked in The Waluigi Effect (mega-post). It was referenced to justify [[Cleo Nardo]]'s claim that,

the better the [large language] model, the more likely it is to repeat common misconceptions.

Seem like the same short course with [Andrew Ng]] from a different [page.

Some short courses by [[Andrew Ng]]. Some (maybe all) are in collaboration with [[OpenAI]].

Further questions the norm of calling functional brain networks either TPN or TNN.

Also, suggests that the [frontoparietal control network]] could be subdivided into a [[salience network]] and an [[executive-control network]]. Reminds me of [[Lisa Feldman Barrett]]'s [discussion with [[Scott Barry Kaufman]] where she said something like, "Neuroscientists tend to name parts of the brain after the specific activity they happen to be interested in." She said that the [[dorsal attention network]] was one of the regions with the most names.

Gives a concrete example of when the so-called TPN (ie, [[dorsal attention network]]) and TNN (ie, [[default mode network]]) are both engaged. In this case, there were 2 planning paradigms used:

• visuospatial planning (assessed by the [[Tower of London task]])
• autobiographical planning (assessed by task of asking people to make personal plans to achieve certain goals)

The visuospatial planning activated the [[dorsal attention network]], and the autobiographical planning activated the [[default mode network]]. What's interesting is that both tasks activated the [[frontoparietal control network]].

Things the [[default mode network]] is involved in:

• mind-wandering (ie, stimulus-independent thoughts)
• self-reference
• recalling one's past or imagining one's personal future
• scene consctruction
• social cognition
• narrative comprehension
• forming associations
• sematic memory

A good paper that critiques calling the [[default mode network]] the "task-negative" network since it's involved in some specific cognitive tasks.

A small [[YouTube]] video clip of [[John Vervaeke]] discussing his model of [[relevance realization]].

I found this paper while looking for ways that [[Eric Hoel]]'s work on a formal structure (via [[information theory]]) for detecting when higher level, lower resolution views would actually provide more [[information]]. I recall being somewhat disappointed by the application to [[cellular automata]] in [[John Conway]]'s [[Game of Life]] since the rules that result in (what appears to us as) emergent complex structures didn't actually map onto the results of applying Hoel's formalism.

Found this while looking for gamified ways to teach people how to spot/identify bias.

Seems to be primarily targeted toward educators. Checkology does routine maintenance during July to delete all student accounts, and I was unable to create an account to see what this is like.

A website I found while trying to look for gamified ways for people to learn how to spot/identify bias.

testing anotation

This was a tool mentioned by [Grant Sanderson]] in the description of a [video on [[divergence]] and [[curl]]. Helpful tool for visualizing [[vector fields]].

I was mistaken about [[OpenAI]]'s bug bounty program; it does not cover jailbreaks or hallucinations.

It looks like [[OpenAI]] has a bug bounty program. Better incentive to report bugs, vulnerabilities, exploits, etc. than just going through their other process.

Update: Incorrect, model performance issues are out of scope. Confer annotation on this webpage.

This is a page I found while trying to learn the syntax of Dataview (an Obsidian plugin that allows database queries on one's own vault).

It really is free!

As opposed to MathOverflow.net, Math SE is

Q&A site for people studying math at any level & professionals in related fields source

I learned this from this answer on the Math.Meta.SE site

Ran into the same issue when reinstalling Anki. The solution was (as dae suggested) to use Task Manager to close mpv under "Background processes".

Afterwards, the Anki Setup program ran without issue.

Found this webpage for a 3D brain model when someone (maybe frymatic?) mentioned a region of the brain I was having trouble imagining.

An article recommended to me by Dalton V. that he thought I'd enjoy and appreciate. Looks like AlignmentForum is one of those "online Rationalist communities" (like LessWrong, SlateStarCodex, etc.).

The blog post "The Waluigi Effect" by Cleo Nardo touches on a variety of interesting topics:

• the Waluigi effect
• Simulator Theory
• Derrida's "there is no outside text"
• RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback) and potential limits

Related to this note:

Haris Neophytou wants to apply a "primality sieve" (namely the sieve of Eratosthenes) to this list. I think it's so he can construct the primes that divide the order of the monster group (M)

Trying to follow an argument given here: https://youtu.be/mFZs7uGwNBo?t=3413

The sequence A002267 is claimed by Haris Neophytou to be the 1st 15 "super singular prime numbers" (ie, the primes that divides the order of the Monster Group). The order is the number of elements in the group.

Note that the last 3 elements [47, 59, 71] multiply to give the number of dimensions in which the Monster group exists: 196,883.

Neophytou believes A002267 gives a different way of looking at the monster group (M).

Around 1:02:45, Neophytou says he'll start from A002822...

(a list of numbers, (m\text{,}) such that (6m - 1) and (6m + 1) are twin primes)

... and construct "the minimal order of the monster" (what?)

One of the most fascinating things in historical exhibitions or overviews of the work of an artist I find are surviving note(book)s. Across the centuries it is clear that so much of the work of making sense, of developing practices, striving for results, consists of making notes. Even if not for re-use as a way of being present.

This was recommended in the Obsidian Members Group Discord for teaching someone how to setup an Obsidian vault with a GitHub repo for version control. Kamil claimed it was more clear than an intro article by [Bryan Jenks]] on how to setup GitHub with Obsidian. Jenks eventually made [a video about the process.

Useful how-to for setting up Hypothes.is for mobile use on Android. Confirmed that this works on Brave mobile browser

Using "https:" also works (at least with the Brave mobile browser on Android)

[] install url forwarder

I came here looking for the glycemic index for bananas to see if this might explain a friends delayed reaction to consuming high amounts of salicylate. That is, the pain they experienced as a burn in the mouth/tongue only occurred after consuming a banana. A prior search tentatively suggested that spikes in insulin (which occur with foods high in glycemic index and glycemic load) can cause inflammation to the affected region which sends white blood cells as a response and can cause swelling and increased sensitivity to pain.

Ashinoff and Abu-Akel propose an equivalence between "flow" and "hyperfocus". They mention later in this paper that "flow" is more often used in positive psychology literature whereas "hyperfocus" is more often used in psychiatric literature. Even so, they also qualify that they may just appear to be the same (ie, descriptively similar) while having a different cause (ie, mechanism of action).

A paper recommended in the presentation "William Rowlandson - Image, Imagination And The Imaginal" filmed at Breaking Convention 2017.

Seems to be a different take on the "imaginal" than John Vervaeke's suggestion that the "imaginal" is using imagination for the sake of training and enhancing sensory awareness.

A term recommended by Eve regarding an interdisciplinary approach that accounts for multiple feedback loops within complex systems. Need to confer complex systems science to see if ADHD is already addressed in that domain.

An organization recommended to me for helping improve compressing complicated arguments into a more digestible for oration & verbal discussion. Mentioned by 2 separate people (Travis & Mavis).

Look into plugin "Spaced Repetition" for Obsidian

High-level view of the 3 different types of heterogeneity (clinical, methodological, statistical). I used these definitions as the basis for some Anki cards

Article recommended by robot for songs to reduce anxiety

I came here after recalling a critique by Bessel van der Kolk's "The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma" regarding the disease model and it's negative impact on adequately helping people with trauma. van der Kolk's critique was similar to Marc Lewis' critique of the disease model as it applies to addiction from "The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease". This made me wonder what the term "disease" actually means and whether or not some general consensus existed within the medical community. This article suggests there is no such consensus.

This article is by Jackie Leach Scully who holds a "PhD in cellular pathology, University of Cambridge; BA (Hons) in biochemistry, University of Oxford; MA in psychoanalytic studies, Sheffield University".

Scully does several insightful things in this paper the following are the ones that were most salient to me upon the first read:

• distinguishes "disease" from "disability"

• contrasts the "social model" and "medical model" perspectives on "disability"

  • The "medical model" referred to here is probably what Lewis & van der Kolk are critiquing as the "disease model".

    • Are the "medical" and "disease" model different?

  • the social model seems to have arisen as a response to the inadequacy of the medical model

    • "The social model's fundamental criticism of the medical model is that it wrongly locates 'the problem' of disability in biological constraints, considering it only from the point of view of the individual and neglecting the social and systemic frameworks that contribute to it. The social model distinguishes between impairment (the biological substrate, such as impaired hearing) and the disabled experience. In this view the presence of impaired hearing is one thing, while the absence of subtitling on TV is quite another, and it is the refusal of society to make the necessary accommodations that is the real site of disability. A social model does not ignore biology, but contends that societal, economic and environmental factors are at least as important in producing disability."

• brings up a subtle point that there are two jumps "from gene to phenotype, and from phenotype to experience" and that some of the arguments mentioned "suggest that the 'harm' of the impairment is not straightforwardly related to phenotype. What ought to concern us about disease and disability is the disadvantage, pain or suffering involved, and in a sense the impairment is always a kind of surrogate marker for this experience."

I came to this page after reading the "About the Author (The Second Right Answer)" page of Roger von Oech's "A Whack on the Side of the Head: How You Can Be More Creative" which was mentioned by Kevin Bowers in his discussion with John Vervaeke titled "Principles & Methods for Achieving a Flow State | Voices w/ Vervaeke | John Vervaeke & Kevin Bowers".

von Oech stated that

I wrote my doctoral dissertation on the twentieth century German philosopher Ernst Cassirer, the last man to know everything. From him, I learned that it's good to be a generalist, and that looking at the Big Picture helps to keep you flexible.

This was a surprising reference since Bowers stated that the book was written for helping entrepreneurs become more creative; the book seems more widely applicable based on the examples and exercises given in the first 20 pages.

Cassirer appears to bridge between the continental and analytic traditions in philosophy. Cassirer's touching on mathematics, aesthetics, and ethics reminds me of

• John Vervaeke's work
  • ie, the process of relevance realization and his neo platonic, transformational reading of ancient texts
• Forrest Landry work
  • ie, his magnum opus "An Immanent Metaphysics" which he purports to be pointing to a foundation between ontology, epistemology, and ethics. Recently, IDM (Immanent Domain Metaphysics) made more sense to me when I attempted to translat the 3 axioms and 3 modalities into language from category theory

The following seem important and related somehow:

1. the symbolic process
2. the process of abstraction
3. the process of representation

Maybe these are related to the means by which one can can transcend their current self? ie, is it through particular symbolic practices that one can more easily shed one identity and acquire another?

Also, are 1., 2., and 3. different aspects of the same thing/event?

I came here looking for a way to change the default New Tab Page in Brave to open up to my Hypothes.is bookmarks.

This was passage was only part of the solution. The full solution is as follows:

1. Go to Settings > Appearances
   • brave://settings/appearance
2. Under "Show home button", select website you want to open as New Tab Page
3. Go to Settings > New Tab Page
   • brave://settings/newTab
4. Change from "Dashboard" to "Homepage"

Another helpful verified purchase Amazon review on some mice. I found this while looking for a mouse that was (1) ergonomic, (2) rechargeable, and (3) wireless.

Reviewer gives some thoughts on the different ways ppl use mice and how that effects they need (or lack thereof) for a wrist brace.

A helpful Amazon review on 4 ergonomic wireless mice. I found this while looking for a mouse that was (1) ergonomic, (2) rechargeable, and (3) wireless. The viewer covered 4 different mice:

• Anker B2C
• 2 of the Jellycomb
  • MV045
  • MV09D
• iClever TM209G

This page is for the iClever, but the reviewer claims that it's just like the Jelly Comb MV045.

Command for getting hardware type of mouse via Windows PowerShell.

I came here after reading a couple articles (one on Super User & one on MS's help forums) recommending X-Mouse Button Control as a general way to disable back buttons on mice.

Note: this doesn't seem to work on Windows 11 for Microsoft USB IntelliMouse Optical.

This is a reference to a great book "Beginning Mathematical Logic: A Study Guide 18 Feb 2022]" by Peter Smith on "[Teach Yourself Logic A Study Guide (and other Book Notes)". The document itself is called "LogicStudyGuide.pdf".

It focuses on mathematical logic and can be a gateway into understanding Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

I found this some time ago when looking for a way to grasp the difference between first-order and second-order logics. I recall enjoying his style of writing and his commentary on the books he refers to. Both recollections still remain true after rereading some of it.

It both serves as an intro to and recommended reading list for the following:

• classical logics
  • first- & second-order
  • modal logics
• model theory
• non-classical logics
  • intuitionistic
  • relevant
  • free
  • plural
• arithmetic, computability, and incompleteness
• set theory (naïve and less naïve)
• proof theory
• algebras for logic
  • Boolean
  • Heyting/pseudo-Boolean
• higher-order logics
  • type theory
  • homotopy type theory

Missing highlight from preceding page:

A property ( P ) is effectively decidible if and only if there is an algorithm (a finite set of instructions for a deterministic computation) ...

Isn't this related to the idea of left & right adjoints in category theory? iirc, there was something about the "canonical construction" of something X being the best solution to a particular problem Y (which had another framing like, "Problem Y is the most difficult problem for which X is a solution")

Different thought: the Curry-Howard-Lambek correspondance connects intuitionistic logic, typed lambda calculus, and cartesian closed categories.

I came here to get the handout for Markov chains mentions in Lecture 31: Markov chains | Statistics 110. Lectures give a great intuition behind the equations, their motivation, and their limitations.

Since next example states local data is like an "apple", and global data is like "all apples from one tree", replace "vegetables" with "produce".

An independent initiative made by Owen Cornec who has also made many other beautiful data visualizations. Wikiverse vividly captures the fact that Wikipedia is a an awe-inspiring universe to explore.

I came here looking for an image of the cerebellum, but found a much more helpful interactive 3d tool to understand parts of the brain.

Article recommended by @wfinck. Based on backlinks, look like the author may be using Obsidian or Notion and syncing into Dropbox to create free published version of notes

Look into what Dr. Miho Ohsaki changed about the clustering subroutine in her work and how it allowed for "more meaningful pattern discovery"

Look into Eamonn Keogh's papers that won "best paper awards"

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~eamonn/meaningless.pdf Paper that argues cluster time series subsequences is "meaningless". tl;dr: radically different distributions end up converging to translations of basic sine or trig functions. Wonder if constructing a simplicial complex does anything?

Note that one researcher changed the algorithm to produce potentially meaningful results

A quick and dirty guide to choosing "slow carbs" (low GLI) and "fast carbs" (high GLI). Purportedly, insulin spikes (from high GLI foods) and prevent amino acids from entering the blood brain barrier. Need to fact-check this

Prof of clinical psychology in psychiatry. Specializes in CBT for ADHD. Think I orginally learned about from mentions by Russell Barkley, and listened to conversations of the ADHD reWired podcast

Article on brown noise and it's impact on ADHD focus. Suggested by Adam A. Provides useful links to primary sources for experiments, topics, and people

2 rules of thumb: "What to ankify?" It's not straightforward to know (beforehand) what actually is worth memorizing. Are there any good heuristics?

Maths, Logic, Computer Science, Chess, Music, and Dance

A similar observation could be made about mathematics, logic, and computer science. Sadly, public education in the states seems to lose sight that the formalisms in these domains are merely the tools of the trade and not the trade itself (ie, developing an understanding of the fundamental/foundational notions, their relationships, their instantiations, and cultivating how one can develop capacity to "move" in that space).

Similarly, it's as if we encourage children that they need to merely memorize all the movements of chess pieces to appreciate the depth of the game.

Or saying "Here, just memorize these disconnected contortions of the hand upon these strings along this piece of wood. Once you have that down, you've experienced all that guitar, (nay, music itself!) has to offer."

Or "Yes, once, you internalize the words for these moves and recite them verbatim, you will have experienced all the depth and wonder that dance and movement have to offer."

However, none of these examples are given so as to dismiss or ignore the necessity of (at least some level of) formalistic fluency within each of these domains of experience. Rather, their purpose is to highlight the parallels in other domains that may seem (at first) so disconnected from one's own experience, so far from one's fundamental way of feeling the world, that the only plausible reasons one can make to explain why people would waste their time engaging in such acts are

1. folly: they merely do not yet know their activities are absurd, but surely enough time will disabuse them of their foolish ways.
2. madness: they cannot ever know the absurdity of their acts, for "the absurd" and "the astute" are but two names for one and the same thing in their world of chaos.
3. apathy: they in fact do see the absurdity in their continuing of activities which give them no sense of meaning, yet their indifference insurmountably impedes them from changing their course of action. For how could one resist the path of least resistance, a road born of habit, when one must expend energy to do so but that energy can only come from one who cares?